Global economies & markets

Fiscal policy is a powerful tool to combat economic downturns, but the results depend on decreasing inequality, an imperative to the efficacy of fiscal multipliers. As COVID-19 cases rise, new research offers insights into which fiscal policies may bolster the economy — and the other options, which may have long-term ramifications.

Long before the coronavirus pandemic, advances in information technology were already fueling the rise of a handful of superstar firms that dominate the economy. COVID-19 has greatly accelerated that trend. Darden Professor Anton Korinek explores the implications of the superstar phenomenon for overall economic efficiency and, by extension, policy.

Epidemiology and economics: A smart containment strategy for COVID-19 could save the U.S. economy $10 trillion. Here: the effects of states easing lockdowns, putting a (literal) price on individual vs. societal costs of the disease, how to get the economy running and what changes to expect long-term, and why public health measures are so important.

Long before the coronavirus pandemic, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) were already causing unprecedented changes in work and business. Now, the world’s top thinkers on the economics of AI — Daron Acemoğlu, Diane Coyle, and Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz — are drawing new lessons from today’s crisis.

Increasing urbanization can prove challenging in the era of COVID-19 social distancing, particularly given the dependence on essential services and the unique health concerns of high-population density. A new study clarifies the tradeoffs between city and suburban patterns of consumption and how different areas fulfill essential daily functions.

Does fiscal stimulus raise interest rates and tighten credit markets, as theoretical models of the macroeconmy predict? New research shows what the real effect of government spending is on the U.S. economy — and what high levels of inequality have to do with the interest rate response to fiscal stimulus.

What can we expect across global financial markets following the COVID-19 crisis? UVA Darden Professor Marc Lipson and guest Cornell S.C. Johnson Professor Andrew Karolyi discuss international and domestic listings, financial versus real business cycles, and both short-term and long-term implications of de-risking.

The coronavirus pandemic has devastated large portions of the global economy and spurred an enormous government response to stem the fallout. Darden Professor Kinda Hachem considers the state of the U.S. economy and the extraordinary efforts underway to prevent further collapse.

What drives household consumption? Standard theories of consumer behavior may not fully account for a major driver of spending (or not spending). Professor Dan Murphy and colleagues have a new model to help us understand consumption choices and the broader effects of policymakers’ attempts to stimulate the economy.

Mandated by the Constitution, the U.S. Census Bureau counts the nation’s residents every 10 years. The data determine seats in the House and federal funds for local communities, as well as inform practical research. Examples from Darden: studies on poverty and race, allocation of opportunity zones, and the effect of technology on rich and poor.